Extreme cold can cause serious health problems

Dec. 23—As we head into winter, temperatures will be dropping and it’s important to be aware of the dangers associated with colder weather and the precautions to take to avoid conditions like frostbite or hypothermia.

Extremely cold temperatures can increase the risk of lower body temperatures and decreased circulation. This can lead to serious health issues. The American Burn Association estimates that nearly 1,300 people die each year from hypothermia or frostbite.

Frostbite can be caused by freezing and can cause loss of sensation and color to areas that are exposed to extreme cold temperatures. Amputation can be possible in severe cases. Those with poor circulation are most at risk. Grayish-yellow skin, abnormally firm or waxy skin and isolated numbness around the affected area are all signs of frostbite. These symptoms are important because if frostbite is discovered within 12 hours, treatment can be provided.

Hypothermia is when the body loses heat more quickly than it can make it. It occurs when temperatures fall below 95 degrees. Hypothermia, which is similar to frostbite and can be caused by prolonged exposure of cold temperatures, affects the whole body. Because bodies lose heat quickly in cold temperature, stored energy is also used faster and hypothermia can occur quickly. Hypothermia can even occur in temperatures exceeding 40 degrees if the body is also exposed to water or sweat. Hypothermia can cause shivering and confusion, as well as exhaustion. This is because hypothermia can reduce awareness of the need for warmth.

If you suspect frostbite, or hypothermia then move to a warm place and take off all wet clothes. To prevent hypothermia, heat the central part of your body (e.g. the neck, chest, and head) and wrap yourself in loose, dry blankets. To prevent frostbite, warm the affected area with water. Massage the affected area only if you are not sure. This could make the condition worse. Avoid walking if your toes have become frostbitten. Both situations should be reported to the nearest doctor immediately.

We know we cannot just stay inside during winter. Prepare for the colder months. Make sure you have cold-weather essentials in your vehicle and home, including dry blankets, loose-fitting, water-resistant clothing, scarves, and mittens. These items will keep you warm and safe during winter.